Educational Robots in Teaching and Learning Robotics: Availability, Utilization and Perceived Factors Constraining Implementation and Utilization

Abstract

This study investigated the availability, utilization, and factors inhibiting the integration of educational robots in teaching and learning robotics in secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted, involving a sample size of 200 respondents comprising 50 teachers and 150 students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire validated by experts in computer education and educational technology, with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 for teachers and 0.81 for students. The questionnaire assessed the availability and extent of utilization of robotics tools, as well as lecturer-based and student-based challenges impeding their integration. Findings revealed that robotics tools were generally limited in availability, with only the Python Tutorial Package (60%) and Temperature Sensors (53.3%) being moderately accessible. Utilization of the tools was also low, with a cluster mean of 1.81, indicating limited incorporation of robotics tools into teaching and learning. Critical lecturer-based barriers included inadequate robotics skills (Mean = 3.78), limited access to robotics tools (Mean = 3.76), and poor funding for capacity building (Mean = 3.52). Student-based factors included poor access to robotics laboratories (Mean = 3.67), difficulty in programming robots (Mean = 3.75), and lack of robotics kits (Mean = 3.59). The study concludes that insufficient access to tools, lack of technical expertise, inadequate training, and motivational challenges significantly hinder the integration of robotics education. It recommends increasing funding for robotics education, establishing well-equipped laboratories, organizing capacity-building programs for teachers, and promoting hands-on robotics activities to engage students. Addressing these barriers will enable secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State to leverage robotics education effectively, equipping students with the critical STEM skills needed for the modern workforce.